Learn Proper French Pronunciation With Liaisons

Part of the reason that French pronunciation and aural comprehension are so difficult is due to liaisons. A  liaison  is a phenomenon whereby a normally  silent consonant  at the end of a word is pronounced at the beginning of the word that follows it. Examples of Liaisons The sound files below show words such as  vous  (you), which have a silent s at the end, unless they are paired with a word like  avez  (have). When this occurs, the s is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison in French. In each instance, the words on the left contain a silent letter at the end; the words on the right show how the usually silent letter at the end of the word is pronounced at the beginning of the following word, creating a liaison. The word or words are followed by a transliteration to help you pronounce the terms and phrases as you hear them. French Word With a Final Silent Consonant Liaison vous [vu] vous avez [vu za vay] ont [o(n)] ont-ils [o(n) teel] un [uh(n)] un homme [uh(n) nuhm] les [lay] les amis [lay za mee] Pronunciation Key Use this pronunciation key as a guide to help you get the most out of the previous sound files. a   fathere   bedee   meetu   fool(n)   nasal n In addition, consonants in  liaisons  sometimes change the pronunciation. For example, an s is pronounced like a z when it is used in a liaison. Liaison Rules The basic requirement of a  liaison  is a word that ends in a normally silent consonant followed by a word that begins with a vowel or  mute h. This does not mean, however, that all possible liaisons are necessarily pronounced. In fact, the pronunciation (or not) of liaisons is subject to very specific rules, and liaisons are divided into three categories: Required liaisons (Liaisons obligatoires)Forbidden liaisons (Liaisons interdites)Optional liaisons (Liaisons facultatives) If you are a beginner, study just the required  liaisons  and forbidden liaisons, as these are the essential. If youre more advanced, study all three sections. It may be boring, but your pronunciation and ability to communicate at different levels of formality will improve dramatically. Liaison vs.  Enchantment There is a related phenomenon in French called  enchaà ®nement  (linking). The difference between enchaà ®nement and  liaisons  is this:  Liaisons  occur when the final consonant is normally silent but is pronounced due to the vowel that follows it (vous  vs.  vous avez), whereas  enchaà ®nement  occurs when the final consonant is pronounced whether or not a vowel follows it, such as  pour  vs.  pour elle, which translates as for vs. for her. Note that  enchaà ®nement  is simply a phonetic issue, while the pronunciation of  liaisons  is based on linguistic and stylistic factors. Additionally, scan the pronunciation chart below to see how various letters are generally pronounced in French liaisons. Letter Sound D [t] F [v] G [g] N [n] P [p] R [r] S [z] T [t] X [z] Z [z]

The Impact On The Biodiversity Of The Ecosystem That Was...

On March 24,1989 many animals lost their lives due to a huge man-made disaster.In the first paragraph I will be talking about what happened,why it happened,and how it happened. In the second paragraph I will be talking about discussing the impact the issue had on the diversity of species in that environment. In the fourth I will be devising a step-by-step plan to restore the biodiversity of the ecosystem that was destroyed by The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill. Then I will be rediscussing, and basically summarizing the the entire paper in the fifth paragraph.So what exactly happened, and why? How many plants and animals were killed,or harmed? What would I do to help the environment? That is what this paper is about! How did this terrible accident happen? On March 23,1989,the ship departed from the Trans Alaska Pipeline at 9:12 pm. William Murphy was hired to maneuver the 986 foot vessel through Valdez Narrows was in control first. At the time the captain Joe Hazelwood, and Helmsman, Henry Clear, who was steering, were at his side Then captain Hazelwood took over, and pilot Murphy left the vessel. During this time they encountered icebergs in the shipping lanes and the captain then ordered Claar to go around the icebergs, which was out of the shipping lanes. After that the wheel was handed over to third mate Gregory Cousins who was told to turn back into the shipping lanes when the tanker reached a certain point. the Claar handed the wheel over to Helmsman Robert Kagan, for anShow MoreRelatedAlaska Oil Drilling: A Threat to Biodiversity1606 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ After decades of rancorous debate marked by legislative impasse, public protest, and mounting political pressure, the issue of opening the last of Alaskas pristine frontiers for oil drilling exploration appears may finally be moving towards a long-sought resolution. At the heart of this over thirty-year old conflict, waged bitterly between environmental activists and major petroleum producers, is a parcel of land containing nearly 20 million acres of untouched environmental resources known asRead Moreoil spill4253 Words   |  18 Pagesï » ¿ Oil Spill Group 3 Vera Lois A. Decano Kriceal Viz B. Saldon Mia Tagle Sam John F. Luison Kathe Unabia Chayya Margaret P. Golez Dominic M. Concillo Oil Spill Introduction In the recent years there have been occurrences of oil spills in several locations within our country. Knowing that these have adverse effects on our environment and the ecosystem as a whole, we’ve always been in search of ways to counter this major problem. The damages we receive from an oil spillRead MoreHuman Impact on the Coastal Landscape3602 Words   |  15 PagesPerry Newton Student # 000-00 1818 Geog 222 Section (1) Mrs Sandra Burrows Date: November 4, 2008 The Human Impact on Coastal Landscape The relationship between humans and their environment is a topic that engenders much debate. Humans are intellectual. They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. The environment on the other hand is inanimate and exists by means of natural laws and principles that govern the universeRead MoreMineral Resources18511 Words   |  75 Pagesgrasslands, deserts, mountains, rivers, lakes and the marine environment all form habitats for specialised communities of plants and animals to live in. Interactions between the abiotic aspects of nature and specific living organisms together form ecosystems of various types. Many of these living organisms are used as our food resources. Others are linked to our food less directly, such as pollinators and dispersers of plants, soil animals like worms, which recycle nutrients for plant growth, and fungi

Collaboration Technologies and Systems †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Collaboration Technologies and Systems. Answer: Introduction: The big data is considered as the massive amount of structure, unstructured and semistructured data that can be mined in terms of providing support to the management in terms of decision making processes [5]. Big Data has attracted enormous contemplation from information analysts in data sciences, approach as well as leaders within industries and governments. With the Moore's Law exceed of data speed development headed for start of this century, extreme information is producing overwhelming difficulties to community [12]. However, there exist immense potential and exceptionally supportive characteristics suppressed in the enormous quantity of information. An additional consistent worldview is visualized as DISD or Data Intensive Scientific Discovery, or else named Big Data concerns. Big Data is a gathering of extremely immense informational collections with an extraordinary assorted qualities of sorts so it winds up noticeably hard to handle by utilizing cutting edge information prep aring approaches or conventional information preparing stages [10]. As an ever increasing number of fields include Big Data issues, going from worldwide society organization to economy, and from national security to scientific researches, the world has came into the age of Big Data [8]. There are five domains where the Big Data has tremendous potential. The review recommends that suggest there exist three individual primary problem ranges that must be leaned to in handling massive data. The issues are, administration issues, stockpiling issues and handling problems. Each of the issues articulates to a massive management of concentrated research concerns within its individual concession [7]. Big Data Security Threats: Privacy Issues: In spite of the extreme profit regarding several applications that can be achieved through the information found by data mining, people have indicated expanding worry about the opposite surface of the situation, privacy issues. To be exact the security risks positioned by data mining [3]. Individual's data security will be in danger because of the unauthorized access to the user information. In addition to that, it may generate risk through the unwanted revelation of one users personal data as well as the use of user information regarding reasons additional than the user regarding which data has been collected. Fragment Data: Groups of Big Data include data that represent the scenery of simplicity, authorizing several copies moving back and forth diverse hubs guaranteeing overload and flexibility. The data is available for breakage and may be distributed over several servers. Therefore, greater complexity is comprised afterward of the breakage that characterizes a security concern as the nonexistence of a security controls [14]. Distributed Computing: As the accessibility of resources leads to virtual arranging of data at any instant or occasion where it is available this proceeds to wide levels of parallel computation [7]. Because of this, complicated conditions are generated that resides at elevated risks of attacks in comparison with its collaborators of crypts. These crypts are centrally managed and firm that enables easier security proposals. Handling Data Access: Appointed data environments management right of entry at the composition stage, lacking of improved data details in leaning to suggested consumers to the extent that segments and reach associated circumstances. Important segments of the accessible security compositions regarding database provide segment-based access [3]. Node-to-node communication: A concern in terms of Big Data and a collection of contestants accessible within the specified field is that, it does not carry out protected communication rather it brings into use of the RPC or Remote Procedure Call over TCP/IP [13]. Interaction among Client: Interaction among the customers happens with resource manager and data hubs. In any case, there present a catch. In spite of the fact that efficient communication is supported by the use of this framework, it constructs awkward to protect hubs from clients and vice-versa. Moreover, its safeguards mainframe servers from hubs [9]. No security Virtually: Massive information stacks were outlined in sight of near to minimum security. Endearing massive data organizations are crated on the basis of the web management presentation, with little or no workplaces for preventing basic web risks making it going beyond weak [6]. Other security threats of the Big Data are along with their relevance has been shown in the table 1. Security Threats Relevance (Percentage) % Exploitation of Cloud Services 84 Data Breaches 91 Denial of Service 81 Inadequate Due Diligence 81 Shared Technology Vulnerabilities 82 Malicious Insiders 88 Insecure Interfaces and APIs 90 Data Loss 91 Account or Service Traffic Hijacking 87 Table 1: The Security Threats of Big Data and their Relevance [1] Transport and Storage concerns: The quantity of data has discharged each time the ability medium is created. In addition to that, everybody and everything are making information not simply, as up to this time, by experts, for example, columnists, scholars, researcher, and many more. Current disk technology limits are around 4 terabytes for each plate [4]. Thusly, 1 Exabyte would require 25,000 circles. Issues Regarding Management: Management of data maybe the majority difficult issue for addressing with Big Data [4]. This concern at first facade ten years back in the UK eScience actions where data was dissolved geologically as well as "possessed" and " administrated " by diverse components [7]. Issues regarding Processing: Recognize that an Exabyte of data should be managed entirely. Regarding direct, admit the data is divided into squares of 8 words, so 1 Exabyte = 1K petabytes. Accepting a processor exhausts 100 guidelines on one piece at 5 gigahertz, the time needed regarding end-to-end arranging would be 20 nanoseconds [4]. To prepare 1K petabytes would require an aggregate end-to-end handling time of about 635 years. Big Data Security Threats Solutions: Inside this examination security, investigation of Big Data segments has been done alongside a concise examination of intrinsic security of the Big Data organic community and Big Data security can be seen as not exceptionally solid one. Therefore, in this paper holds a security management around the four distinct security pillars [11]. Authentication: It is verifying framework or client getting to the system. Big Data provides Kerberos as an necessary authentication. At first SASL/GSSAPI was used to carry out Kerberos and usually confirm consumers, their requests, and Big Data profits over the RPC organizations [3]. Big Data as well strengthens "Block-able" Authentication for HTTP Web Consoles involving those executers of web applications and web consoles might carry out their individual specific authentication tool for HTTP organizations. This includes yet was not forced to HTTP SPNEGO justification. The Big Data segments support SASL Framework like the RPC layer can be altered to support the SASL based general authentication [12]. Authorization: Authorisation is a process of representing access control advantages regarding system or client. In Big Data, attainable controls are actualized by using consents based on document that get after the UNIX authorizations exhibit [8]. The NameNode in light of document consents and ACLs of clients and gatherings might authorize attainable control to records in HDFS. MapReduce provides ACLs to profession rows that distinguish which customers or groups can propose employs to a row and alter line properties [3]. Big Data presents fine-grained authorization using document permissions in HDFS and resource level attainable control utilizing ACLs for MapReduce as well as cruder gleaned attainable control at management level. Value Added Security Distribution: This layer summarizes a few additional security highlights supported by Verizon except Logical and Base security. These parts include VPN and Firewall capabilities with exceptionally adaptable frameworks, prearranged security managements that include Big Data programming progression highlights and applications, as well as a wise management framework. This framework is suitable regarding differentiating security weaknesses and identifying restraint options [1]. Positivism has been selected as the research philosophy. It is because, the philosophy assists in creating logical statements that can be used for supporting the research statements. The action research design has been selected as the design model of the research. The research design has been taken as it instructs to create a problem statement and doing the research around the identified issues. The deductive approach of the research has been followed. As within the research the theory has been tested, it is best for following the deductive approach. In terms of data collection method, survey has been done for collecting real life data. In addition to that, the research papers and articles has been reviewed for gathering general data and support statements. Reference List: Sharif, A., Cooney, S., Gong, S., Vitek, D. (2015, October). Current security threats and prevention measures relating to cloud services, Big Data concurrent processing, and big data. 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The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Sagiroglu, S., Sinanc, D. (2013, May). Big data: A review. InCollaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 42-47). IEEE. Puthal, D., Nepal, S., Ranjan, R., Chen, J. (2015, August). DPBSV--An efficient and secure scheme for big sensing data stream. InTrustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, 2015 IEEE(Vol. 1, pp. 246-253). IEEE. Puthal, D., Nepal, S., Ranjan, R., Chen, J. (2015, August). DPBSV--An efficient and secure scheme for big sensing data stream. InTrustcom/BigDataSE/ISPA, 2015 IEEE(Vol. 1, pp. 246-253). IEEE. Xu, L., Jiang, C., Wang, J., Yuan, J., Ren, Y. (2014). Information security in big data: privacy and data mining.IEEE Access,2, 1149-1176. Cardenas, A. A., Manadhata, P. K., Rajan, S. P. (2013). Big data analytics for security.IEEE Security Privacy,11(6), 74-76. Riggins, F. J., Wamba, S. F. (2015). Research directions on the adoption, usage, and impact of the internet of things through the use of big data analytics. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 1531-1540). IEEE. Inukollu, V. N., Arsi, S., Ravuri, S. R. (2014). Security issues associated with big data in cloud computing.International Journal of Network Security Its Applications,6(3), 45.